Capitalize the pronoun. With names of states The same rule applies as with names of nations. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? Hope all that helps! For example, "Global is a proper noun." . It's similar to why your name is always capitalized. To Capitalize or not to Capitalize Independence? "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. O needs to be capitalized since it is at the beginning of the sentence, I needs to be capital, Pisces is a specific constellation so it is a proper noun, and likewise North is proper noun. Names of regions should be capitalized if those are proper nouns or denote a country, city, continent, etc. A recognized geographical region. Have you ever visited the Western United States? The key factor here is that were using these words descriptively (i.e., to specify the direction or location of something), not to name something. Keep reading to learn everything there is to regions and their capitalization, rules for related terms and phrases, what a region is, etc. proofreading, the Deep South. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. If a is used, go with prime minister.). The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. . Titles should only be capitalized if they precede a proper name when used as part of the name. Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying, Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. In general, you should capitalize the names of countries and languages. Common nouns are the names of things. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. In other words, capitalize words such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis when they are used in place of the persons name. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. The first instance of when "global" should be capitalized is when used as the first word in a sentence. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. Here are some rules to follow. Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? Capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. Consult your dictionary if your preferred style guide doesnt address this issue. Phil Jamieson Feb 16, 2010 5:00:00 AM. But when these terms are part of an actual place's name, capitalize them, as in "Western Australia", "Northern Ireland", etc. So you would only capitalize federal when you use it in the name of a federal agency, an act, or some other proper noun. The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. The following sentence is capitalized correctly : I learned that Thor is the god of thunder when I read a book about myths from Norway. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". @Devil07, the geographical adjective "southern" is not usurped -- it just means something different. The AP Stylebook the guiding stylebook for many news outlets, including The Daily Tar Heel advises against using the Oxford comma in most simple series. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. The state abbreviations are always the same: two letter abbreviations with uppercase letters and no periods or spaces between them. Some common examples of when you should capitalize south include: down South the Deep South 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved Capitalize the first word of a document and the first word after a period. When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? - thanks! Are you supposed to capitalize north south east and west? Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. Instead of using the frequently used double-space, only use one space after a period to properly follow AP style guidelines. Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. capitalization, maps, writing tips. Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. However, if youre referring to a specific region, such as the east coast of the United States, keep the words lowercase. Whichever version you use, then, we'd suggest not capitalizing the direction, just the country name. CMOS looks at what a large relevant tranche of people do; this ultimately defines what is acceptable. Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. North, South, East and West as Proper Nouns You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are the days of the week. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. 1. Hi, Lynne. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. 1 The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. 2 Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the Southern food in Tennessee. Do I capitalize southern as in the US region? However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". When Should You Capitalize Geographic Regions in the United States? To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. Broadly speaking, a region is an area that's divided by: Geographic regions are usually depicted by their not-so-clearly defined, and at times transitory boundaries. When a database has been given a proper name, capitalize that name, but do not italicize it or place it inside quote marks. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Here are the types of words that should be capitalized: Proper nouns. Title Case Capitalization (APA 7th) Sentence Case Capitalization (APA 7th) The plant common name has to conform to the rules of English, however, so if there's a proper noun in the common name, it must be capitalized. 'CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions.' Thank you. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? ), but I'd suggest not capitalizing it unless you're certain it is necessary. In a June 11 statement, the National Association of Black Journalists issued a recommendation "that whenever a color is used to appropriately describe race then it should be capitalized . Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. rev2023.3.3.43278. You don't even want to know what he calls pancakes. 1 Is south capitalized when referring to Southern states? Capitalize north, south, east, west, and derivative words when they designate definite regions or are an integral part of a proper name. Posted by What about capitalizing a Southerner or a Southerner? You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. In all cases, though, you should: Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. When it's an adjective ("bicentennial year"), I agree that no cap is needed . Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. Likewise, the rules for sentences apply: capitalize the common name at the . I studied Pisces, a constellation of the North sky, on a cloudless night. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). Use lower case for generic or plural references. By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. I assume CMOS have done reasonable research before arguing against a rigid insistence on 'the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS]' and have thought carefully before arguing against ignoring authors' strong preferences. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. editing, If the writer is referring to the United States and calling it just the States, then states needs to be capitalized. down South. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends lowercasing specific U.S. geographic regions used as adjectives:3. Q. Hello! But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. Should north East south West be capitalized? When to Capitalize North, South, East and West. Do you like West Asia? But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize "Southern" when referring to "the South" in the United States, regardless of whether you're discussing the Civil War. Is it "southern California" or "Southern California?". (There is a lot of leniency on whether to capitalize "The." Few would argue that the region is called "The North" as . The same rules apply to capitalizing western as capitalizing west. The days of the week are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. (Cap or no cap on east and west). hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '499cbd76-cfa5-4fea-836f-ead06058d874', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. Capitalize proper nounsand adjectives derived from proper nouns. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Each state has its own shortened name codes, which are used in written documents and mailing addresses. Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. So, should you capitalize regions when writing? MLA style follows The Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. It's not a continent, nor is it a country. 3. Though a direction is a general noun, it could at times be not that straightforward to ascertain whether it's a common noun or a proper noun. Colorado is part of the Southwest. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the southern food in Tennessee. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. In headlines, the periods are omitted. It is also a great option for general business writing. Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, capitalization, Chicago style, dictionaries. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. When to capitalize North East south west? Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ), Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. South-East Albania? Is this correct. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. However, if you are referring to a general region, such as the east coast of the United States then you should keep the words lowercase. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. Settlers moved into the West. With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization. For example, "western Massachusetts", "northern New Jersey". During the Civil War, Northerners and Southerners battled in twenty-three states. You should capitalize the words East Coast when referring to a specific region, such as Im traveling to the East Coast, because East Coast is a proper noun in this case. For example, the "river" is a general noun and not capitalized. Less democratic. Consistency is the most important thing, though, so you should be fine as long as the form chosen is clear and you use it each time. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 5 Should states and territories be Capitalised? The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The mines are in the plateaus western region. And if so, when? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Of course, as with other nouns, they should be capitalized at the beginning of sentences and in titles. are widely recognized as popular names and are thus capitalized. Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. The water and land global areas are further divided into subregions bounded by huge geographical features influencing large-scale ecologies. Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. Should I capitalize "the north" and "the south" in my work on the southern campaign of the Revolutionary war? At the most basic level, the standard advice is to lowercase north, south, east and west when used as compass directions and to capitalize them when they are used as part of a proper noun or adjective or refer to regions or geographic areas. The geographical areas "The North," "The East," "The South," and "The West" are treated like proper nouns. The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. Capitalization Do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, etc., unless the word is part of a formal name. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Yes, Southern is capitalized because it refers to the South (= the southern US). This seems a difficult case; as this discussion at. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. Hello! Job seekers, Is Pepsi the owner of KFC? Popular usage sets the rules for standard practice especially in the case of region names. 'I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker.' To find out when to capitalize North, South, East, and West, read our guide to capitalizing directions below. And Wisconsin is known as the Badger State (not "the badger state") even though its official name is Wisconsin. If these geographic areas are part of a name, however, such as "River Thames", capitalize the term. Sallie Ward, a Southern belle. Copyright 2022 - TheContentAuthority.com, Reindeer Vs. Moose: Main Differences, How To Tell Them Apart. In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. When using a U.S. geographic region as an adjective, the decision to capitalize or lowercase will depend on your style guide. Are you captivated by capitalization? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. When north, south, east, and west refer to generic directions (i.e., the points of the compass), they are not capitalized: The master bedroom is in the east wing of the mansion. Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? Knowing whether to capitalize directional adjectives can be challenging. AP style is primarily for journalists and writers who want to conform to traditional journalism styles. It was put into effect at first for big businesses, but was then gradually adopted by everyone as a standardized format. We always use a capital letter when we write the days of the week. It also looks at when to capitalize those regions when they are used as adjectives and to describe U.S. geographic populations. Of course, they should be capitalized at the start of sentences and in titles, as they are with other nouns. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. Meaning of Western world and alternative terms, Specifying geography with cardinal directions, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Meaning of " Western world" and alternative terms. It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". Proper nouns should always be capitalized. In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. As a general thumb rule, if a particular direction (north, south, etc.) What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. You should capitalize "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. Here are a few more examples: When the directional terms are not proper names and are affixed to proper nouns simply to denote direction, they are written in lowercase for example, "southern France", "northern New York", etc. However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. . Related, but not duplicates (in my opinion): As definitive as it gets. Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. 6 Does the word federal need to be capitalized? Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. But when the term is used in a formal name, it's capitalized, as in "the Hudson River". Is South capitalized when talking about the Civil War? In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". Lowercase to when it functions in an infinitive. You have entered an incorrect email address! when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. By attaching itself to a common object, the language or country name takes on a new meaning. Is Grandma a well-behaved woman? I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". Use a hyphen to show a range of dates and do not repeat 20 (2012-13, not 2012-2013). In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. This suffix makes the direction an adjective, and when it describes a specific region, it should be capitalized. If you have a question about whether a specific word should be capitalized that doesn't fit under one of these rules, try checking a dictionary to see if the word is capitalized there. Explanation: Because Pisces is a verb. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. The periods are omitted in headlines. Only when it's very apparent or writing the direction names in small letters looks completely off, capitalize them. are not capitalized when they merely denote compass direction. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. In other words, when the word "region" is a part of a name or is being specific in its meaning, the word is capitalized. In general, midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. AP Style states that when referring to the names of a nation, directions should . Thor and Norway are capitalized because they are proper nouns. Except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah, the name of a city and state should be abbreviated when they are used together. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South." If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). For example: I live in The North. You would capitalize "Southern" when referring to the people, or their culture, politics, or social activities, e.g., Southern hospitality, Southern cuisine, Southern accents. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized, as are a few of the adjectives and nouns derived from such terms. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? The Department decided on the current two-letter abbreviations in October 1963. Words Which Should Not Be Capitalized in a Title. References to God (s) The word "god" should be capitalized if it is being used as a proper name of a monotheistic god, as in God in Christianity and Judaism. the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. September 18, 2013, at 9:56 pm. The example you give is a generic direction used as an adjective (like the "east wing of the mansion" example in the post), so no capitalization is required. A diathermal wall between two thermodynamic systems in thermodynamics allows heat transfer but does not allow for the transfer of matter across it. But things become tricky once we get down to the details. The seasons arent proper nouns, so theyre not usually capitalized. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? This format is the official USPS postal abbreviation. Unless you are referring to the Four Seasons, there is no reason for seasons to . However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Here is part of that discussion: 8.46 Regions of the world and national regions. If the is used, use Prime Minister. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region .
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